Accounting policies

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

General

The consolidated financial statements for the period 1 January to 31 December 2020 have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the EU and in accordance with Danish disclosure requirements for listed companies. Additional Danish disclosure requirements for annual reports are imposed by the Statutory Order on Adoption of IFRS issued under the Danish Financial Statements Act.

The consolidated financial statements are presented in Danish kroner (DKK), which is considered the primary currency of the ALK Group’s activities and the functional currency of the parent company.

The consolidated financial statements are presented on a historical cost basis, apart from certain financial instruments, which are measured at fair value. Otherwise, the accounting policies are as described below.

The accounting policies are unchanged from last year except for the below mentioned.

New standards effective from 1 January 2020
The ALK Group has implemented all new and amended standards and interpretations (IFRIC) which are effective for the financial year 2020. This has not resulted in any changes to the accounting policies of the ALK Group.

New standards effective after 1 January 2021
A number of IFRS standards, amended standards and IFRIC interpretations, which are effective on or after 1 January 2021, have not been implemented. Based on a preliminary assessment it is estimated that these standards and interpretations will have no material impact on the consolidated financial statements for 2020 and in the coming years.

The consolidated financial statements
The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of ALK-Abello A/S (the parent company) and companies (subsidiaries) controlled by the parent company. The parent company is considered to control a subsidiary when it holds, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the voting rights, or is otherwise able to exercise or actually exercises a controlling influence, and has the right to variable returns from the entity.

Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements are prepared based on the financial statements of ALK-Abello A/S and its subsidiaries. The consolidated financial statements are prepared as a consolidation of items of a uniform nature. The financial statements used for consolidation are prepared in accordance with the ALK Group’s accounting policies.

On consolidation, intra-group income and expenses, intra-group balances and dividends, and gains and losses arising on intra-group transactions are eliminated.

Business combinations
Newly acquired or newly established companies or operations are recognised in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition or establishment. The date of acquisition is the date when control of the company actually passes to the ALK Group. Companies sold or discontinued are recognised in the consolidated income statement up to the date of disposal. The date of disposal is the date when control of the company actually passes to a third party.

Acquisitions are accounted for using the purchase method, according to which the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of companies acquired are measured at fair value at the date of acquisition. However, non-current assets held for sale are measured at fair value less expected costs to sell.

Restructuring costs are only recognised in the takeover balance sheet if they represent a liability to the acquired company. The tax effect of revaluations is taken into account.

The cost of a company is the fair value of the consideration paid. If the final determination of the consideration is conditional on one or more future events, these are recognised at their fair value as of the acquisition date.

Costs that can be attributed directly to the transfer of ownership are recognised in the income statement when they are incurred. As a general rule, adjustments to estimates of conditional consideration are recognised directly to the income statement.

If the fair value of the acquired assets or liabilities subsequently proves different from the values calculated at the acquisition date, cost is adjusted for up to 12 months after the date of acquisition. Any excess of the cost of an acquired company over the fair value of the acquired assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities (goodwill) is recognised as an asset under intangible assets and tested for impairment at least once a year.

Gains or losses on disposal of subsidiaries
Gains or losses on disposal of subsidiaries are stated as the difference between the disposal amount and the carrying amount of net assets including goodwill at the date of disposal, accumulated foreign exchange adjustments recognised in other comprehensive income, and anticipated disposal costs. The disposal amount is measured as the fair value of the consideration received.

Foreign currency translation
On initial recognition, transactions denominated in currencies other than DKK are translated at average exchange rates, which are an approximation of the exchange rates at the transaction date. Receivables and debt and other monetary items not settled at the balance sheet date are translated at the closing rate.

Exchange rate differences between the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and the exchange rate at the date of payment or the balance sheet date, respectively, are recognised in the income statement under financial items. Tangible assets and intangible assets, inventories and other nonmonetary assets acquired in foreign currency and measured based on historical cost are translated at the exchange rates at the transaction date.

On recognition in the consolidated financial statements of subsidiaries whose financial statements are presented in a functional currency other than DKK, the income statements are translated at average exchange rates for the respective months, unless these deviate materially from the actual exchange rates at the transaction dates. In that case, the actual exchange rates are used. Balance sheet items are translated at the exchange rates at the balance sheet date. Goodwill is considered to belong to the acquired company in question and is translated at the exchange rate at the balance sheet date.

Exchange rate differences arising on the translation of foreign subsidiaries’ opening balance sheet items to the exchange rates at the balance sheet date and on the translation of the income statements from average exchange rates to exchange rates at the balance sheet date are recognised in other comprehensive income.

Foreign exchange rate adjustment of receivables or debt to subsidiaries which are considered part of the parent company’s overall investment in the subsidiary in question are also recognised in other comprehensive income in the consolidated financial statements.

Share-based incentive plans
Share-based incentive plans (equity-settled share-based payments), which comprise share options and performance share units, are measured at the grant date at fair value and recognised in the income statement under the respective functions over the vesting period and offset in equity. The fair value of share options is determined using the Black & Scholes model. The fair value of performance share units is determined using the average share price (closing) 5 days after annual general meeting.

The ALK Group settles the equity-settled share-based incentive plans in shares. However, the share option agreement entitles the ALK Group to demand cash settlement of the options. The ALK Group recognises share options, in case of cash settlement, as other liabilities and adjusts to fair value as from the time when the ALK Group has an obligation to settle in cash. The ALK Group recognises subsequent adjustment to fair value in the income statement under financial income or financial expenses.

Tax
Tax on the profit for the year comprises the year’s current tax and changes in deferred tax. The tax expense relating to the profit/loss for the year is recognised in the income statement, and the tax expense relating to items recognised in other comprehensive income and directly in equity, respectively, is recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. Exchange rate adjustments of deferred tax are recognised as part of the adjustment of deferred tax for the year. Current tax payable and receivable is recognised in the balance sheet as the expected tax on the taxable income for the year, adjusted for tax paid on account.

The current tax charge for the year is calculated based on the tax rates and rules enacted at the balance sheet date.

Uncertain tax position is recognised for those matters for which the tax determination is uncertain but it is considered probable that there will be a future outflow of funds to a tax authority (and a future inflow of funds from a tax authority). The uncertain tax positions are measured at the best estimate of the amount expected to become payable (and receivable).

Deferred tax is measured using the balance sheet liability method on all temporary differences between the carrying amount and the tax base of assets and liabilities. However, deferred tax is not recognised on temporary differences relating to the initial recognition of goodwill or the initial recognition of a transaction, apart from business combinations, and where the temporary difference existing at the date of initial recognition affects neither profit/loss for the year nor taxable income. Deferred tax is calculated based on the planned use of each asset and settlement of each liability, respectively. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and tax rules that, based on legislation enacted or in reality enacted at the balance sheet date, are expected to apply in the respective countries when the deferred tax is expected to crystallise as current tax. Changes in deferred tax as a result of changed tax rates or rules are recognised in the income statement, in other comprehensive income or in equity, depending on where the deferred tax was originally recognised. Deferred tax related to equity transactions is recognised in equity.

Deferred tax assets, including the tax value of tax loss carry-forwards, are recognised in the balance sheet at the value at which the asset is expected to be realised, either through a set-off against deferred tax liabilities or as net assets to be offset against future positive taxable income. Deferred tax assets including the tax value of tax losses are recognised if it is probable that it can be utilised against future taxable income within a foreseeable future (5 years). This includes an assessment of the possibilities to utilise tax losses in the joint Danish taxation scheme with the Lundbeck Foundation (Lundbeckfond Invest A/S).

At each balance sheet date, it is reassessed whether it is likely that there will be sufficient future taxable income for the deferred tax asset to be utilised.

The parent company is included in a joint Danish taxation scheme with the Lundbeck Foundation (Lundbeckfond Invest A/S) and its Danish subsidiaries. The tax charge for the year is allocated among the jointly taxed companies in proportion to the taxable incomes of individual companies, taking into account taxes paid.

Income statement

Revenue
The primary performance obligation of the ALK Group is the sale and delivery of own-manufactured goods and goods for resale for allergy treatment. Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised in the income statement upon the control of the goods being transferred to the customer, i.e. when goods are delivered. Revenue is recognised by the ALK Group at a point in time.

The ALK Group's customers have payment terms that reflect the customer type and the market in which sales take place, which typically varies from 0 to 180 days.

Revenue is measured as the fair value of the consideration received or receivable.

Revenue is measured exclusive of VAT, taxes etc. charged on behalf of third parties and less any commissions and discounts in connection with sales.

Furthermore, revenue includes licence income and royalties from out-licensed products as well as up-front payments, milestone payments and services in connection with partnerships. These revenues are recognised in the income statement in accordance with the agreements and when the ALK Group obtains the right to the payments, which is at the point in time the subsequent sales occur or services have been delivered to the customer.

Nonrefundable payments that are not attributable to subsequent research and development activities are recognised when the related right is obtained, whereas payments attributable to subsequent research and development activities are recognised over the term of the activities. When combined contracts are entered into, the elements of the contracts are identified and assessed separately for accounting purposes.

Cost of sales
The item comprises cost of sales and production costs incurred in generating the revenue for the year. Costs for raw materials, consumables, goods for resale, production staff and a proportion of production overheads, including maintenance and depreciation, amortisation and impairment of tangible assets and intangible assets used in production as well as operation, administration and management of factories are recognised in cost of sales and production costs. In addition, the costs and write-down to net realisable value of obsolete and slow-moving goods are recognised.

Research and development expenses
The item comprises research and development expenses, including expenses incurred for wages and salaries, amortisation, impairment of capitalised development projects in progress, and other overheads as well as costs relating to research partnerships. Research expenses are recognised in the income statement when incurred. Due to the long development periods and significant uncertainties in relation to the development of new products, including risks regarding clinical trials and regulatory approvals, it is the assessment that most of the ALK Group’s development expenses do not meet the capitalisation criteria in IAS 38, Intangible Assets. Consequently, development expenses are generally recognised in the income statement when incurred. Development expenses relating to individual minor development projects running for short-term periods and subject to limited risk are capitalised under other intangible assets.

Sales and marketing expenses
The item comprises selling and marketing expenses, including salaries and expenses relating to sales staff, advertising and exhibitions, depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses on tangible assets and intangible assets used in the sales and marketing process as well as other indirect costs.

Administrative expenses
The item comprises expenses incurred for management and administration, including expenses for administrative staff and management, office expenses and depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses on tangible assets and intangible assets used in administration.

Other operating items
Other operating items comprise income and expenses of a secondary nature relative to the principal activities of the ALK Group.

Financial items
Financial items comprise interest receivable and interest payable, the interest element of lease payments, realised and unrealised gains and losses on securities, cash and marketable securities, liabilities and foreign currency transactions, mortgage amortisation premium/ allowance etc. and supplements/provisions under the on-account tax scheme.

Interest expenses and income related to uncertain tax positions are recognised on the balance sheet as tax liabilities and tax assets respectively upon the receipt of ruling from the tax authorities and correspondingly reflected in the income statement as financial items net.

Interest income and expenses are accrued based on the principal and the effective rate of interest. The effective rate of interest is the discount rate to be used on discounting expected future payments in relation to the financial asset or the financial liability so that their present value corresponds to the carrying amount of the asset or liability, respectively.

Balance sheet

Goodwill
On initial recognition, goodwill is measured and recognised as the excess of the cost of the acquired company over the fair value of the acquired assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities, as described under ‘Business combinations’.

On recognition of goodwill, the goodwill amount is allocated to those of the ALK Group’s activities that generate separate cash flows (cash-generating units). The determination of cash-generating units is based on the ALK Group’s management structure and internal financial management and reporting.

Goodwill is not amortised, but is tested for impairment at least once a year, as described
below.
Intangible assets
Acquired intellectual property rights in the form of patents, brands, licenses, software, customer base and similar rights are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment.

Interest expenses on loans to finance the development of intangible assets are included in cost if they relate to the production period. Other borrowing costs are charged to the income statement.

The cost of software includes costs of instalment and direct salaries.

Such acquired intellectual property rights are amortised on a straight-line basis over the expected useful lives of the assets, typically not exceeding 10 years. If the actual useful life is shorter than either the remaining life or the contract period, the asset is amortised over this shorter useful life. Acquired intellectual property rights are written down to their recoverable amount where this is lower than the carrying amount, as described below.

Individual minor development projects running for short-term periods which fulfil the requirement in IFRS are capitalised under other intangible assets as described under ‘Research and development expenses’ and are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment.

Intangible assets with indeterminable useful lives are not amortised, but are tested for impairment at least once a year. To the extent that the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the recoverable amount, the assets are written down to this lower amount, as described below.

Tangible assets
Land and buildings, plant and machinery and other fixtures and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Land is not depreciated.

Cost comprises the purchase price and any costs directly attributable to the acquisition and any preparation costs incurred until the date when the asset is available for use.

Lease assets are recognised at the commencement date of the contract if it is or contains a lease. Lease assets are recognised at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Cost is defined as the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date. Lease assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Interest expenses on loans to finance the manufacture of tangible assets are included in cost if they relate to the production period. Other borrowing costs are recognised in the income statement.

The depreciation base is cost less the estimated residual value at the end of the useful life. The residual value, estimated at the acquisition date and reassessed annually, is determined as the amount the company expects to obtain for the asset less costs of disposal.

The cost of an asset is divided into smaller components that are depreciated separately if such components have different useful lives.

Assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives as follows:

Buildings                                 25-50 years
Plant and machinery                 5-10 years
Other fixtures and equipment     5-10 years

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reassessed once a year. Tangible assets are written down to the recoverable amount, if lower, as described below.

Impairment of tangible assets and intangible assets
The carrying amounts of tangible assets and intangible assets with determinable useful lives are reviewed at the balance sheet date to determine whether there are any indications of impairment. If such indications are found, the recoverable amount of the asset is calculated to determine any need for an impairment write-down and, if so, the amount of the write-down. For intangible assets with indeterminable useful lives and goodwill, the recoverable amount is calculated annually, regardless of whether any indications of impairment have been found.

If the asset does not generate any cash flows independently of other assets, the recoverable amount is calculated for the smallest cash-generating unit that includes the asset.

The recoverable amount is calculated as the higher of the fair value less costs to sell and the value in use of the asset or the cash-generating unit, respectively. In determining the value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value, using a discount rate reflecting current market assessments of the time value of money as well as risks that are specific to the asset or the cash-generating unit and which have not been taken into account in the estimated future cash flows.

If the recoverable amount of the asset or the cash-generating unit is lower than the carrying amount, the carrying amount is written down to the recoverable amount. For cash-generating units, the write-down is allocated in such a way that goodwill amounts are written down first, and any remaining need for write-down is allocated to other assets in the unit, although no individual assets are written down to a value lower than their fair value less costs to sell.

Impairment write-downs are recognised in the income statement. If write-downs are subsequently reversed as a result of changes in the assumptions on which the calculation of the recoverable amount is based, the carrying amount of the asset or the cash-generating unit is increased to the adjusted recoverable amount, not, however, exceeding the carrying amount that the asset or cash-generating unit would have had, had the write-down not been made. Impairment of goodwill is not reversed.

Other financial assets
On initial recognition, investments and other financial assets are measured at cost, corresponding to fair value. They are subsequently measured at fair value either through the income statement or through comprehensive income.

Inventories
Inventories are measured at cost determined under the FIFO method or net realisable value where this is lower.

Cost comprises raw materials, goods for resale, and direct payroll costs as well as fixed and variable production overheads. Variable production overheads comprise indirect materials and payroll costs and are allocated based on predetermined costs of the goods actually produced. Fixed production overheads comprise maintenance of and depreciation on the machines, factory buildings and equipment used in the manufacturing process as well as the cost of factory management and administration. Fixed production overheads are allocated based on the normal capacity of the production plant.

The net realisable value of inventories is calculated as the expected selling price less completion costs and costs incurred in making the sale.

Receivables
On initial recognition, receivables are measured at fair value, subsequently at amortised cost.

Expected credit losses are measured based on historical data adjusted by forward-looking information. Forward-looking information includes assessment of the probability of default as well as consideration of various external sources of actual and economic information that is reasonable and supportable without undue cost or effort.

An impairment gain or loss is recognised in the income statement.

Receivables are written down when information indicates severe financial difficulties and that there is no reasonable expectation of recovery. Financial assets written off may still be subject to enforcement activities. Any recoveries made are recognised in the income statement.

Prepayments
Prepayments are recognised as an asset and comprise incurred costs relating to subsequent financial years. Prepayments are measured at cost.

Dividend
Dividend is recognised as a liability when adopted by the shareholders at the annual general meeting.

Treasury shares
Acquisition and sales sums arising on the purchase and sale of treasury shares and dividends on treasury shares are recognised directly in retained earnings under equity.

Pensions and similar liabilities
The ALK Group has entered into pension agreements and similar agreements with some of the ALK Group’s employees.

In respect of defined contribution plans, the ALK Group pays in fixed contributions to independent pension funds etc. The contributions are recognised in the income statement during the period in which the employee renders the related service. Payments due are recognised as a liability in the balance sheet.

In respect of defined benefit plans, the ALK Group is required to pay an agreed benefit in connection with the retirement of the employees covered by the plan, e.g. in the form of a fixed amount or a percentage of the salary at retirement.

For defined benefit plans, an annual actuarial assessment is made of the net present value of future benefits to which the employees have earned the right through their past service for the ALK Group and which will have to be paid under the plan. The Projected Unit Credit Method is applied to determine net present value.

The net present value is calculated based on assumptions of the future development of salary, interest, inflation, mortality and disability rates.

The net present value of pension liabilities is recognised in the balance sheet, after deduction of the fair value of any assets attached to the plan, as either plan assets or pension liabilities, depending on whether the net amount is an asset or a liability, as described below.

If the assumptions made with respect to discount factor, inflation, mortality and disability are changed, or if there is a discrepancy between the expected and realised return on plan assets, actuarial gains or losses occur. These gains and losses concerning previous financial years are recognised in other comprehensive income.

Provisions
Provisions are recognised when, as a consequence of a past event during the financial year or previous years, the ALK Group has a legal or constructive obligation, and it is likely that settlement of the obligation will require an outflow of the ALK Group’s financial resources.

Provisions are measured as the best estimate of the costs required to settle the obligations at the balance sheet date. Provisions with an expected term of more than a year after the balance sheet date are measured at present value.

Mortgage debt
Mortgage debt is recognised on the raising of a loan at cost, equalling fair value of the proceeds received, and net of transaction costs incurred. Subsequently, mortgage debt is measured at amortised cost.

Lease liabilities
On initial recognition, lease liabilities are measured as the present value of future payments. The lease payments contain fixed payments less any lease incentives receivable and variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate.

On subsequent recognition, lease liabilities are measured at amortised cost. The difference between the present value and the nominal value of lease payments is recognised in the income statement over the term of the lease as a finance charge.

If the interest rate cannot be determined in the agreement, the lease payments are discounted using the ALK Group’s incremental borrowing rate adjusted for the functional currency and length of the lease term. The lease liability is remeasured if or when the future payment or lease term changes. Short term lease expenses and low value assets are not recognised as part of lease liabilities. They are recognised in the income statement when incurred as an operating expense.

Other financial liabilities
Other financial liabilities, including bank loans and trade and other payables, are on initial recognition measured at fair value. The liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost.

Deferred income
Deferred income comprises income received relating to subsequent financial years. Deferred income is measured at cost.

Debt
Trade payables, other payables, including sales discounts and rebates as well as debt to public authorities etc., are measured at amortised cost.

Other accounting information

Cash flow statement
The cash flow statement of the ALK Group is presented using the indirect method and shows cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities as well as cash and marketable securities at the beginning and at the end of the financial year.

The cash effect of acquisitions and divestments is shown separately under cash flows from investing activities. In the cash flow statement, cash flows concerning acquired companies are recognised from the date of acquisition, while cash flows concerning divested companies are recognised until the date of divestment.

Cash flows from operating activities are stated as net profit, adjusted for non-cash operating items and changes in working capital, less the income tax paid and plus net financial items.

Cash flows from investing activities comprise payments in connection with acquisition and divestment of companies and financial assets as well as purchase, development, improvement and sale of intangible and tangible assets.

Cash flows from financing activities comprise changes to the parent company’s share capital and related costs as well as the raising and repayment of loans, instalments on interest-bearing debt, lease liabilities, purchase of treasury shares, and settlement of share options and payment of dividends.

Cash flows in currencies other than the functional currency are recognised in the cash flow statement using average exchange rates for the individual months if these are a reasonable approximation of the actual exchange rates at the transaction dates. If this is not the case, the actual exchange rates for the specific days in questions are used.

Cash and marketable securities comprise cash and short-term securities subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value less any overdraft facilities that are an integral part of the ALK Group’s cash management.

Segment reporting
Based on the internal reporting used by the Board of Management to assess the results of operations and allocation of resources, the ALK Group has identified one operating segment ‘Allergy treatment’, which is in accordance with the way the activities are organised and managed. In addition, the disclosures in the financial statements include a breakdown of revenue by product line and a geographical breakdown of revenue and noncurrent assets.

Definitions and ratios
The key ratios have been calculated in accordance with generally accepted financial ratios applied by financial analysts. Definitions are shown on page 86.

Reporting under the ESEF regulation
The Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/815 on the European Single Electronic Format (ESEF) (ESEF Regulation) has introduced a single electronic reporting format for the annual financial reports of issuers with securities listed on the EU regulated markets.

The ESEF Regulation sets out the following main requirements: (1) Issuers shall draw up and disclose their annual financial reports using the XHTML format; and (2) issuers that draw-up their primary consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS as endorsed by the EU shall tag those consolidated financial statements using inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL) and with effect from the 2022 annual report block-tag the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

The combination of the XHTML format with the iXBRL tags makes the annual financial reports both human-readable and machine-readable, thus enhancing accessibility, analysis and comparability of the information included in the annual financial reports.

iXBRL tags shall comply with the ESEF taxonomy, which is included in the ESEF Regulation and developed based on the IFRS taxonomy published by the IFRS Foundation.

As part of the tagging process financial statement line items are marked up to elements in the ESEF taxonomy. If a financial statement line item is not defined in the ESEF taxonomy, an extension to the taxonomy is created. Extensions have to be anchored to elements in the ESEF taxonomy, except for elements corresponding to subtotals.

The annual report 2020 for the ALK Group submitted to the Danish Financial Supervisory Authority (The Officially Appointed Mechanisms) consists of the XHTML document together with some technical files all included in a ZIP file named "ALK-2020-12-31.zip".

Key definitions
XHTML (eXtensible HyperText Markup Language) is a text-based markup language used to structure and mark up content such as text, images, and hyperlinks in documents that are displayed as Web pages in an updated standard Web browser like Chrome, Internet Explorer or Safari.

iXBRL tags (or Inline XBRL tags) are hidden meta-information embedded in the source code of an XHTML document in accordance with the Inline XBRL 1.1 specification, which enables the conversion of XHTML-formatted information into a machine-readable XBRL data record by appropriate software.

The tagging process is a process where iXBRL tags are applied to financial statement line items, etc. Taxonomy is an electronic dictionary of business reporting elements used to report business data. A taxonomy element is an element defined in a taxonomy that is used for the machine-readable labeling of information in an XBRL data record.

NOTES TO THE PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

General
The financial statements of the parent company ALK-Abello A/S for the period 1 January to 31 December 2020 have been prepared in accordance with the Danish Financial Statements Act for large reporting class D enterprises.

The financial statements are presented in Danish kroner (DKK), which is also the functional currency of the company.

Changes in accounting policies
The accounting policies are unchanged from last year.

Accounting policies
The accounting policies are as described below.

Differences relative to the ALK Group’s accounting policies
The parent company’s accounting policies for recognition and measurement are in accordance with the ALK Group’s accounting policies with the following exceptions:

Income statement

Results of investments in subsidiaries
Dividends from investments in subsidiaries are recognised in the parent company’s financial statements when the right to the dividend finally vests, typically at the date of the company’s approval in general meeting of the dividend of the company in question less any write-downs at the investments.

Balance sheet

Acquisition of activities from subsidiaries
Acquisition of activities from subsidiaries is accounted for using the purchase method. On initial recognition, goodwill is measured and recognised as the excess of the consideration transferred exceeding the fair value of the net assets acquired at the acquisition date.

Goodwill
Goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment. Amortisation is calculated using the straight-line method over the expected useful life, estimated at 10 years. This estimate was made on the basis of estimated useful lives of the assets acquired.

Investments in subsidiaries
Investments in subsidiaries are measured at cost.

Where the recoverable amount of the investments is lower than cost, the investments are written down to this lower value.

In addition, cost is written down to the extent that dividends distributed exceed the accumulated earnings in the company since the acquisition date. In the event of indications of impairment, an impairment test is performed of investments in subsidiaries.

Capitalisation of development costs
A reserve for capitalisation of development costs less deferred tax is recognised in the statement of equity. The reserve contains development costs, less amortisation/impairment losses, and less deferred tax, capitalised since 1 January 2016.

Other accounting information

Cash flow statement
As allowed under section 86 (4) of the Danish Financial Statements Act, no cash flow statement is presented, as this is included in the consolidated cash flow statement.